La sécurité alimentaire déjà aggravée par les changements climatiques et les effets de la Covid-19 est aussi à l’épreuve du conflit entre la Russie et l’Ukraine, constitue un enjeu global auquel les pays doivent trouver les moyens pour éviter une situation d’insécurité alimentaire. Cette situation de conflit peut entrainer des conséquences sur l’économie tunisienne, notamment, sur les échanges commerciaux avec ces deux pays.
en vue de surmonter cette crise, l’Institut Arabe des Chefs d’Entreprises (IACE), a dressé une batterie de recommandations:
- Repenser la politique de la sécurité alimentaire de l’amont en aval et restructurer plusieurs secteurs (l’eau, l’infrastructure …), car l’insécurité alimentaire ne dépend pas uniquement du secteur agricole;
- Valoriser les ressources hydrauliques et de l’eau d’irrigation et favoriser l’implantation des produits à forte valeur ajoutée destinées à l’export pour compenser les importations surtout en céréales;
- Diversifier les partenaires au niveau de l’importation des céréales (Amérique latine, Australie …) pour surmonter les crises soudaines qui impactent l’accès aux produits de première nécessité et menacent notre souveraineté alimentaire qui passe par la souveraineté financière;
- Essayer d’avoir des accords bilatéraux en plus des courtiers pour assurer un minimum en termes de nos besoins en céréales, parce que les importations des céréales se font à travers des appels d’offres restreints conformément à la loi tunisienne et suivant un cahier de charge et des conditions particulières pour chaque appel d’offres;
- Améliorer et optimiser la productivité de la meilleure manière, et par conséquent réduire les couts pour les agriculteurs et assurer une certaine production qui va permettre la viabilité du pays;
- Investir dans la recherche scientifique et la formation des jeunes cadres pour adopter des nouvelles technologies et les adapter aux conditions locales et le savoir-faire des agriculteurs;
- Accorder plus d’importance aux énergies alternatives et avoir recours aux énergies photovoltaïques et éoliennes;
- Rationaliser la consommation et sensibiliser les citoyens de l’importance de changer leurs habitudes de consommation et réduire le gaspillage.
Il est à rappeler que les importations de la Tunisie en termes de céréales proviennent essentiellement de la Russie et de l’Ukraine. Elles sont de l’ordre de 47% en 2021, dont 32% proviennent de l’Ukraine et 15% de la Russie. La dépendance de la Tunisie vis-à-vis du blé dur importé est d’environ 42% et celle du blé tendre est de 87%.
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