TUNIS – UNIVERSNEWS D’après le dernier rapport publié par la Conférence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le développement (Cnuced), les flux nets d’investissements directs étrangers (IDE) vers l’Afrique ont fortement baissé en 2022 en s’établissant à 45 milliards de dollars, contre 83 milliards en 2021, soit une chute de 43,75%.
Avec un flux de 45 milliards de dollars d’IDE, l’Afrique, en dépit de ses potentialités dans les secteurs extractives (gaz, pétrole, mines…) n’attire que très peu d’investissements étrangers. Ces IDE destinés à l’Afrique sont à comparer aux 1.300 milliards de dollars enregistrés en 2022 au niveau mondial, en recul de 12% par rapport 2021. Ce qui signifie que l’Afrique n’a représenté que 3,46% des flux d’IDE mondiaux.
Par pays, on note une forte concentration des flux d’investissement étrangers sur une poignée de pays. C’est l’Egypte qui a attiré le plus de flux avec 11,40 milliards de dollars d’IDE enregistrés, contre seulement 5,12 milliards de dollars en 2021, soit plus que le double, grâce notamment à l’augmentation des cessions transfrontalières, de fusions et d’acquisitions.
Suivie par l’Afrique du Sud avec un flux de 9,05 milliards de dollars en 2022, soit le double de la moyenne de la dernière décennie, grâce aux fusions-acquisitions transfrontalières qui ont atteint 4,8 milliards de dollars en 2022, contre 280 millions de dollars en 2021. Dans le Top 3 on trouve l’Ethiopie qui continue d’attirer des flux d’IDE notamment chinois (3,67 milliards de dollars en 2022, contre 4,26 milliards de dollars en 2021)
Ensuite figure le Sénégal (2,58 milliards de dollars), le Maroc (2,14 milliards de dollars), le Mozambique (1,97 milliard), la République démocratique du Congo (1,85 milliard), la Côte d’Ivoire (1,58 milliard), l’Ouganda (1,53 milliard) et le Ghana (1,47 milliard).
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