TUNIS – UNIVERSNEWS Le rapport “Les femmes, l’entreprise et le droit 2023”, qui en est à sa 9e série d’études, est publié chaque année par la Banque mondiale (BM) pour mesurer les progrès des pays en matière d’égalité des sexes devant la loi et les réglementations.
En effet, 190 pays sont évalués dans huit domaines ayant un lien direct avec la participation économique des femmes et également leurs droits: mobilité, lieu de travail, rémunération, mariage, parentalité, entrepreneuriat, actifs et pensions.
Durant les 5 dernières décennies, le score moyen mondial de l’indice enregistré par le rapport est passé de 45,8 à 77,1 points sur 100 en 2022. Seulement 14 pays, qui sont l’Allemagne, la Belgique, le Canada, le Danemark, l’Espagne,la France, la Grèce, l’Irlande, l’Islande, la Lettonie, le Luxembourg, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal et la Suède, ont obtenu un score de 100 à l’indice.
Cela projette une véritable émancipation économique des femmes dans tous les domaines mesurés (8 indicateurs), fruit d’une panoplie de progrès et de profondes réformes au regard de la loi. En effet, les pays ayant des scores moyens à l’indice supérieurs à 77,1 sont généralement des pays à haut revenu de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) ou des pays d’Europe et d’Asie centrale, d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes.
Quant à la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord (Mena), notre pays se positionne à la 152e place à l’échelle mondiale avec un score de 64,4. En d’autres termes, la Tunisie est précédée du Maroc (75.6) et suivie de l’Algérie (57.5), de la Libye (50.0) et de la Mauritanie (48.1).
Par ailleurs, la participation pleine et entière des femmes et des hommes sur un pied d’égalité affiche le score moyen le plus faible. Le rapport de la BM montre que le rythme actuel des réformes lié à l’égalité des chances économiques entre les sexes est le plus faible depuis 20 ans. En 2022, l’Afrique subsaharienne (7 économies sur 18) a élaboré “18 changements juridiques positifs” sur un total de 34 réformes.
Toutefois, en faisant une comparaison avec 2001, le chiffre de 34 modifications semble être “un niveau historiquement bas”. “Il faudra encore 1.549 réformes pour atteindre l’égalité entre les sexes aux yeux de la loi partout dans le monde”, explique le rapport. Et de souligner: “Il existe également des différences régionales dans la période où les efforts de réforme ont été déployés”. Dans l’ensemble de ces pays, les efforts de réformes sont notamment enregistrés en matière d’augmentation des congés payés pour les parents et les pères surtout, de suppression des restrictions relatives au travail des femmes et d’obligation de garantir l’égalité salariale.
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